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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic
06:46

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Published on: August 25, 2016

Bragg reflection concentrators for hard x-ray astronomy.

H W Schnopper

    Applied Optics
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study explores parabolic concentrators with mosaic Bragg crystals for hard X-ray detection. The instrument offers high sensitivity for continuum sources above 5 keV, enabling new astrophysical observations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astrophysics and X-ray Astronomy
    • Instrumentation and Detector Technology

    Background:

    • Hard X-ray sources present detection challenges, especially at energies above 5 keV.
    • Traditional grazing incidence concentrators are inefficient for these high-energy X-rays.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the application of parabolic concentrators with mosaic Bragg crystals for hard X-ray source detection.
    • To evaluate the instrument's sensitivity for astrophysical observations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing parabolic concentrators with mosaic Bragg crystals as reflectors.
    • Calculating instrument sensitivity for pyrolytic graphite and lithium fluoride reflectors.
    • Assessing detection capabilities for hard X-ray continuum sources.

    Main Results:

    • The instrument is primarily designed for detecting broad continuum hard X-ray sources above ~5 keV.
    • Calculated sensitivity allows for the detection of sources with fluxes as low as 10(-3) Crab in the >20-keV range.
    • Feasible observation times range from 10(4) to 10(5) seconds for specified source fluxes.

    Conclusions:

    • Parabolic concentrators with mosaic Bragg crystals offer a viable solution for hard X-ray detection.
    • The instrument demonstrates significant sensitivity for studying faint hard X-ray astrophysical sources.
    • This technology enhances capabilities for observing continuum emission from celestial objects.