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Related Concept Videos

Escape Velocities of Gases01:19

Escape Velocities of Gases

To escape the Earth's gravity, an object near the top of the atmosphere at an altitude of 100 km must travel away from Earth at 11.1 km/s. This speed is called the escape velocity. The temperature at which gas molecules attain the rms speed, which is equal to the escape velocity, can be estimated by using the equation for the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. According to the kinetic theory of gas, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is proportional to its temperature.
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Partial Derivatives and Gas Laws01:26

Partial Derivatives and Gas Laws

In functions with multiple variables, partial derivatives describe how a function changes with respect to one variable while keeping the others constant. A partial derivative is calculated from the ordinary derivative of the function with respect to the desired variable, while treating the other variables as constants. Consider the function z = f(x, y). The partial derivative of the function z with respect to x at constant y is written as (∂z/∂x)y, using 'curly d'. It essentially tells us how z...
Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas01:18

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas

When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
Speed of Sound in Gases01:08

Speed of Sound in Gases

The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. Hence, sound waves travel slowly through gases. Thermodynamics helps us understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, thus, the speed of sound in an ideal gas can be determined using the laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, Newton's laws of motion and the continuity equation of fluid dynamics also come in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
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Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

AFGL trace gas compilation: 1980 version.

L S Rothman, A Goldman, J R Gillis

    Applied Optics
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new edition of the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) trace gas compilation is now available, featuring updated absorption line parameters for thirteen key atmospheric gases. This resource covers spectral regions crucial for atmospheric research and remote sensing applications.

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    Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings (GCMR) in the Insect Antennal Lobe

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    Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings (GCMR) in the Insect Antennal Lobe

    Published on: February 24, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric chemistry and spectroscopy.
    • Geophysics and remote sensing.

    Background:

    • Accurate spectroscopic data are essential for analyzing atmospheric composition.
    • Previous compilations required updates to include newly identified trace gases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To release an updated Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) trace gas compilation.
    • To provide comprehensive absorption line parameters for thirteen major atmospheric gases.

    Main Methods:

    • Compilation of absorption line parameters (positions, intensities, halfwidths).
    • Inclusion of updated data for existing gases (NO, SO(2), NO(2), NH(3)).
    • Addition of new molecular data (HNO(3), OH, HF, HC1, HBr, HI, CIO, OCS, H(2)CO).

    Main Results:

    • A comprehensive dataset covering the spectral region from 0 to 10,000 cm(-1).
    • Updated and expanded spectral line parameters for thirteen trace gases.
    • Detailed description of data sources for modifications and additions.

    Conclusions:

    • The new AFGL trace gas compilation provides a vital resource for atmospheric studies.
    • This updated dataset enhances the accuracy of atmospheric remote sensing and modeling.
    • Facilitates further research in atmospheric composition and radiative transfer.