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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...

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Submillisecond Conformational Changes in Proteins Resolved by Photothermal Beam Deflection
10:02

Submillisecond Conformational Changes in Proteins Resolved by Photothermal Beam Deflection

Published on: February 18, 2014

Photothermal deflection spectroscopy and detection.

W B Jackson, N M Amer, A C Boccara

    Applied Optics
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study develops theory for sensitive photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Experimental verification confirms its versatility for various materials and applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Spectroscopy
    • Laser Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Photothermal spectroscopy techniques are crucial for material analysis.
    • Existing methods like thermal lensing and photoacoustic spectroscopy have limitations.
    • A need exists for highly sensitive and versatile spectroscopic methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a comprehensive theory for photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS).
    • To explore both continuous wave (cw) and pulsed PDS configurations.
    • To analyze PDS for diverse sample types including solids, liquids, gases, and thin films.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of laser beam deflection due to photothermal effects.
    • Experimental validation of the developed theoretical predictions.
    • Analysis of noise sources impacting spectroscopic sensitivity.

    Main Results:

    • The theory accurately predicts photothermal deflection phenomena.
    • PDS demonstrated high sensitivity and versatility across different states of matter.
    • Comparison with thermal lensing and photoacoustic spectroscopy highlights PDS advantages.

    Conclusions:

    • Photothermal deflection spectroscopy is a powerful and sensitive analytical technique.
    • The developed theory provides a robust framework for PDS applications.
    • PDS shows significant potential for advanced imaging and microscopy.