Effect of endosulfan on thyroid physiology in the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus

Effects of endosulfan on thyroid physiology have been studied in the female freshwater catfish. Clarias batrachus during the pre-spawning and spawning phases of its annual reproductive cycle. Effects of endosulfan varied with the length (96 h and 16 days) of exposure, reproductive status of the fish and organ. The 96-h endosulfan exposure significantly increased the level of thyroxine (T4) in serum and pharyngeal thyroid follicles concurrent with induction of peroxidase activity. However, triiodothyronine (T3) level and T3/T4 ratio decreased in serum and pharyngeal thyroid gland. No change was noticed in any of these parameters in the anterior kidney but in the posterior kidney endosulfan reduced T3 and T3/T4 ratio without affecting T4 levels and peroxidase activity. Sixteen days of endosulfan treatment also had a similar impact, except that it did not influence the studied parameters in pharyngeal thyroid.