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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Law of Rational Indices01:29

Law of Rational Indices

The Law of rational indices is a fundamental principle in the field of crystallography. According to this law, the intercepts of a crystal face along the crystallographic axes (the three-dimensional axes along which a crystal is measured) can be expressed as either equivalent to the unit intercepts (a, b, c) or simple whole number multiples of them. These multiples are typically denoted as na, n'b, and n''c, where n, n', and n'' are simple whole numbers.To illustrate, consider a crystal with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

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Published on: April 24, 2018

Optical diffraction technique for determination of crystal orientations.

B L Sopori

    Applied Optics
    |March 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel optical technique determines crystal orientations using textured surfaces and light diffraction. This method provides accurate crystal orientation measurements comparable to traditional X-ray Laue methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Crystallography
    • Optical Physics

    Background:

    • Determining crystal orientation is crucial for understanding material properties.
    • Existing methods like X-ray Laue diffraction can be complex and time-consuming.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new, accessible optical technique for crystal orientation determination.
    • To validate the accuracy of this optical method against established techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing texture etching to create surface structures indicative of crystal orientation.
    • Analyzing far-field diffraction patterns generated by illuminating textured surfaces with monochromatic light.

    Main Results:

    • The generated diffraction patterns are characteristic of the specific surface orientation.
    • Results obtained via the optical technique show excellent agreement with X-ray Laue measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The described optical technique offers a viable and accurate alternative for crystal orientation analysis.
    • This method simplifies crystal orientation determination through surface texturing and optical diffraction.