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Optical TE-TM mode conversion in double epitaxial garnet waveguide.

A Shibukawa, M Kobayashi

    Applied Optics
    |March 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Efficient TE-TM mode conversion was achieved in garnet films, reaching 96% efficiency in a single-mode waveguide. This breakthrough enables a novel waveguide optical isolator design.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Two-layer epitaxial garnet films, specifically Scandium-Gallium substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) on Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) substrates, are investigated for optical applications.
    • The photoelastic effect, influenced by lattice mismatch, can induce optical anisotropy in thin films.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine TE-TM mode conversion in (Sc, Ga) substituted YIG films.
    • To investigate the impact of photoelastic effect-induced optical anisotropy on mode conversion efficiency.
    • To propose a novel waveguide optical isolator based on observed mode conversion characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of two-layer epitaxial garnet films with (Sc, Ga) substitution on GGG substrates.
    • Characterization of mode conversion efficiency in a single-mode waveguide at a 1.15-microm wavelength.
    • Analysis of optical anisotropy resulting from lattice mismatch and its relation to the photoelastic effect.

    Main Results:

    • A high mode conversion efficiency of 96% was achieved over a 4.0-mm propagation distance.
    • Optical anisotropy of 2.0 x 10(-4) was induced by a 0.03% lattice mismatch, enhancing mode conversion.
    • Near-complete TE and TM mode degeneracy was observed, facilitating a 45-degree polarization rotator.

    Conclusions:

    • High-efficiency TE-TM mode conversion is feasible in garnet-based waveguides.
    • Photoelastic effects from lattice mismatch can be leveraged to enhance optical performance.
    • The demonstrated mode degeneracy enables the development of a novel waveguide optical isolator.

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