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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving01:20

Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving

There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
In order to solve a problem related to heat transfer, first of all, the situation needs to be examined to determine the type of heat transfer involved. This could...
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

Radiative heating and cooling with spectrally selective surfaces.

C G Granqvist

    Applied Optics
    |March 25, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Designing surfaces with specific radiative properties enables efficient heating and cooling. Spectral selectivity, tailoring absorptance and emittance across different wavelengths, is key for applications like solar energy conversion and radiative cooling.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Energy

    Background:

    • Matter continuously exchanges energy via radiation, conduction, and convection.
    • Radiative heat transfer is influenced by surface properties and wavelength-dependent interactions.
    • Understanding spectral differences between solar and terrestrial radiation is crucial for energy applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review how designing radiative surface properties can be used for heating and cooling.
    • To explore the concept of spectral selectivity in surfaces for various applications.
    • To provide examples of spectrally selective surfaces and their performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of spectral radiative properties (absorptance, emittance, reflectance, transmittance).

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    Published on: May 15, 2017

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    Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

    Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
    09:18

    Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

    Published on: December 14, 2017

    Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography
    11:34

    Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

    Published on: May 15, 2017

  • Discussion of ideal spectral properties for different applications.
  • Presentation of experimental examples and theoretical understanding of selective surfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • Selective surfaces can efficiently convert solar energy to heat by maximizing solar spectrum absorption and minimizing thermal emission.
    • Surfaces can achieve low temperatures by utilizing the spectral emittance of the night sky.
    • Transparent heat mirrors and radiative cooling of leaves demonstrate effective spectral selectivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Spectral selectivity in surface properties offers a powerful approach for thermal management and energy conversion.
    • Tailoring radiative properties allows for efficient solar photothermal conversion and radiative cooling.
    • Nature provides elegant examples of spectral selectivity, inspiring artificial surface designs.