Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Statistical Analysis: Overview

Statistical Analysis: Overview

When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
One of the most commonly used statistical quantifiers is the mean, which is the ratio between the sum of the numerical values of all results and the...

Statgraphics

Statgraphics

Statgraphics is a comprehensive statistical software suite designed for both basic and advanced data analysis. Originating in 1980 at Princeton University under Dr. Neil W. Polhemus, it was one of the pioneering tools for statistical computing on personal computers, with its public release in 1982 marking an early milestone in data science software. Over the years, it has evolved into a robust platform for data science, offering tools for regression analysis, ANOVA, multivariate statistics,...

Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test

Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test

Sometimes, a data set can have a recorded numerical observation that greatly deviates from the rest of the data. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, a statistical method called the Grubbs test can be used to determine whether the observation is truly an outlier. To perform a two-tailed Grubbs test, first, calculate the absolute difference between the outlier and the mean. Then, calculate the ratio between this difference and the standard deviation of the sample. This number is...

Gravimetry: Overview

Gravimetry: Overview

Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method where the analyte is isolated and weighed directly or after conversion into a substance of known composition. Gravimetric analysis can be classified as precipitation, electrogravimetry, volatilization, and particulate gravimetry, based on the method used to isolate the analyte.
In precipitation gravimetry, the analyte is converted into a precipitate and weighed. For example, the silver content in a sample can be estimated by precipitating and...

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
This rule is used widely in statistics to calculate the proportion of data values...

Statistical Significance

Statistical Significance

Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hierarchical Active Inference Using Successor Representations.

Neural computation·2026

Same author

Coupling between phase separation and geometry on a closed elastic curve: Free energy minimization and dynamics.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Same author

Tracking the Trail of Monkeypox: From Origins to Outbreak Control.

Cell biochemistry and function·2026

Same author

Synthesis, Molecular Modelling, In Vitro and Pharmacological Evaluation of Coumarin Analogues as Potential Anti-Obesity Agents.

Archiv der Pharmazie·2026

Same author

Rational Rigid-Core Design Realizes Efficient and Color-Pure Sky-Blue MR-TADF Emission in Boron-Nitrogen Functionalized Dibenzo-Xanthene.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

First Evaluation of Insecticide Efficacy Against the Invasive Two-Spot Cotton Leafhopper (<i>Amrasca biguttula</i> [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]) on Ornamental Hibiscus in the United States.

Insects·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Statistical analysis of the Indus script using n-grams.

Nisha Yadav¹, Hrishikesh Joglekar, Rajesh P N Rao

¹Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India. y_nisha@tifr.res.in

|March 25, 2010

Summary

Researchers used statistical language processing to analyze the Indus script, revealing internal syntax patterns. This computational approach can help restore damaged Indus texts with 75% accuracy.

More Related Videos

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

Area of Science:

Computational Linguistics
Archaeolinguistics
Statistical Analysis

Background:

The Indus script remains undeciphered due to limited corpus size, lack of bilingual texts, and unknown underlying language.
Previous decipherment efforts have been hindered by these challenges.

Observation:

Statistical language processing tools, specifically n-gram Markov chains, were applied to analyze Indus script syntax.
Unigrams were found to follow a Zipf-Mandelbrot distribution, indicating linguistic patterns.

Findings:

Unequal text beginner and ender distributions provide internal evidence for syntax.
Strong bigram correlations were identified, with significant pairs and triplets extracted using log-likelihood measures.
A quadrigram Markov chain model achieved saturation in information-theoretic measures against a held-out corpus.

Implications:

The developed stochastic grammar model can explore Indus script syntax in greater detail.
The model demonstrates potential for restoring doubtfully read Indus texts with approximately 75% accuracy.
This research offers a novel computational methodology for analyzing undeciphered ancient scripts.