Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Observational Study to Identify Drug-related Problems (DRP) in Routine Care and An Expert Panel Assessment to Rate Clinical Risk and Preventability by Unit-dose Dispensing Systems (UDDS) with Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) and Clinical Decision-Support Systems (CDSS).

Die Pharmazie·2023
Same author

The chance of transition: strategies for multidisciplinary collaboration.

Endocrine connections·2022
Same author

[Does MTX-induced osteoporosis exist?]

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2020
Same author

[Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms-Heterogeneity, management and perspectives of treatment and research].

Der Internist·2020
Same author

[Erratum to: Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC/PBS). S2k guideline of the German Society of Urology].

Der Urologe. Ausg. A·2019
Same author

[Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC/PBS) : S2k guideline of the German Society of Urology].

Der Urologe. Ausg. A·2019
Same journal

Der Internist·2024
Same journal

Der Internist·2024
Same journal

Der Internist·2024
Same journal

Der Internist·2024
Same journal

Der Internist·2024
Same journal

Der Internist·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[Thyroid disorders and pregnancy].

H Mönig1, J Hensen, H Lehnert

  • 1Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland. Heiner.Moenig@uk-sh.de

Der Internist
|March 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid disorders in women, especially hypothyroidism, can impact fertility and pregnancy. Proper management, including adjusted thyroxine doses and iodine supplementation, is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Context:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in women of reproductive age.
  • Pregnancy involves significant physiological changes impacting thyroid function.
  • Untreated thyroid disorders pose risks to both mother and child.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of understanding thyroid physiology during pregnancy.
  • To emphasize the implications of thyroid disorders on fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
  • To outline essential management strategies for thyroid conditions in pregnant women.

Summary:

  • Hypothyroidism can compromise fertility and increase the risk of fetal loss, particularly with autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • Thyroid hormone replacement therapy requires dose adjustments during pregnancy to support fetal brain development.
  • Hyperthyroidism necessitates careful treatment with propylthiouracil to minimize risks to mother and fetus.
  • Iodine supplementation is recommended during pregnancy and lactation due to altered iodine metabolism.
  • Maternal thyroid stimulating antibodies can induce fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism.

Impact:

  • Ensures optimal maternal and infant health by addressing thyroid disorders during pregnancy.
  • Facilitates informed clinical decisions regarding thyroid management in pregnant patients.
  • Contributes to improved fertility rates and reduced adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with thyroid dysfunction.