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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

Do symptom interpretations mediate the relationship between panic attack symptoms and agoraphobic avoidance?

David Berle1, Vladan Starcevic, Denise Milicevic

  • 1Nepean Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Sydney West Area Health Service, Penrith, Australia. berled@wahs.nsw.gov.au

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy
|March 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

In panic disorder, specific symptoms and their catastrophic interpretations are linked to agoraphobic avoidance. This suggests misinterpretation plays a role, but other factors also contribute to avoidance behaviors.

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Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Anxiety Disorders Research

Background:

  • Limited consensus exists regarding the specific symptoms and interpretations driving agoraphobic avoidance in panic disorder.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for effective treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the connection between various symptoms and agoraphobic avoidance.
  • To determine if catastrophic interpretations of symptoms mediate these symptom-avoidance relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Symptom Checklist 90-Revised, Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, and Mobility Inventory.
  • Administered assessments to 117 outpatients diagnosed with panic disorder.

Main Results:

  • Established moderate to strong associations between most symptoms and agoraphobic avoidance.
  • Found links between specific symptoms and their corresponding catastrophic interpretations.
  • Identified symptom interpretations that mediate the relationship between symptoms and agoraphobic avoidance.

Conclusions:

  • The catastrophic misinterpretation model partially explains agoraphobic avoidance in panic disorder.
  • Additional pathways beyond misinterpretation likely contribute to the development and maintenance of agoraphobic avoidance.