Anatomical variation in the position of the greater palatine foramen

The present study measured the position of the greater palatine foramen relative to adjacent anatomical landmarks in Brazilian skulls. The perpendicular distance of the greater palatine foramen to the midline maxillary suture in Brazilian skulls was about 14 mm and the distance of greater palatine foramen to the incisive foramen was approximately 36 mm. The distance of greater palatine foramen to the posterior border of the hard palate was approximately 3 mm, and the mean angle between the midline maxillary suture and the line from the incisive foramen and the greater palatine foramen was 22.71 degrees . In almost 70% of the cases, the greater palatine foramen opened in an anterior direction. The mean palatine length was approximately 52 mm. In the greater majority of the skulls (93.81%), the greater palatine foramina were opposite or distal to the maxillary third molar. These data will be helpful in comparing these skulls to those from various other regions as well as comparing skulls of different races. It can also provide professionals with anatomical references, in order to block the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve through the greater palatine foramen. Our results would help clinicians locate the greater palatine foramen in patients with and without upper molars.