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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
03:40

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting

Published on: January 17, 2025

Isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a small, noncompacted segment may cause serious complications.

Hakan Hasdemir, Hatice Betül Erer, Tolga Sinan Güvenç

    International Journal of Cardiology
    |March 30, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Isolated left ventricular noncompaction, a rare cardiomyopathy, can cause ventricular tachycardia (VT) even with normal systolic function. This case highlights the importance of considering noncompaction in unexplained VT and cerebrovascular accidents.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

    Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
    03:40

    Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting

    Published on: January 17, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (ILVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy characterized by impaired systolic function.
    • While typically associated with heart failure, ILVNC can present atypically.

    Observation:

    • A 78-year-old female with a history of cerebrovascular accident experienced cardiopulmonary arrest.
    • ECG revealed ventricular tachycardia degenerating into fibrillation.
    • Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) identified a small noncompacted segment in the left ventricular apex.

    Findings:

    • The patient presented with ventricular tachycardia (VT) despite preserved systolic function and a small noncompacted segment.
    • Electrophysiologic study confirmed VT induction, leading to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores that ventricular tachycardia and systemic embolism are rare but possible complications of ILVNC, even with normal systolic function.
    • Clinicians should consider ILVNC in patients with unexplained VT or cerebrovascular accidents, particularly when heart failure is absent.