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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

[Demyelinating disorders].

T Weber1, W Köhler

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, 22087 Hamburg. dr.thomas.weber@hanse.net

Der Nervenarzt
|March 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults frequently develop leukoencephalopathies from acquired causes. Distinguishing treatable genetic leukodystrophies, which affect myelin, is crucial for diagnosis and genetic counseling.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • Leukoencephalopathies in adults present diverse etiologies, including acquired inflammatory, vascular, toxic, and neoplastic conditions.
  • Leukodystrophies are distinct genetic, chronic, progressive myelin disorders with varied pathogenesis and clinical presentations.

Purpose:

  • To delineate late-onset genetic leukodystrophies amidst numerous acquired adult leukoencephalopathies.
  • To highlight the importance of genetic counseling for patients and families affected by these myelin disorders.

Summary:

  • This review discusses clinical symptoms and MRI patterns of major leukodystrophies.
  • It emphasizes the potential for treatment in certain leukodystrophies, particularly those with inborn errors of metabolism.
  • The necessity of accurate diagnosis through biochemical and genetic testing is underscored.

Impact:

  • Facilitates clearer diagnosis and management strategies for adult leukoencephalopathies.
  • Improves understanding of genetic leukodystrophies, aiding in early detection and intervention.
  • Supports informed genetic counseling for affected families, improving patient care and outcomes.