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Updated: Aug 26, 2026

Immunization of Alpacas (Lama pacos) with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies
Published on: January 26, 2019
Origin of antibody in porcine bile after intraperitoneal immunisation
R F Sheldrake1, L F Romalis, M M Saunders
1Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract:
Pigs were immunised intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) in Freund's complete adjuvant and killed between 52 and 71 days later. Sera, bile and spleen and liver tissue were collected at slaughter. IgG and IgA OVA antibody in bile and serum were detected by ELISA, and IgG and IgA anti-OVA containing cells (AOCC) in tissue were observed using double fluorochrome labelling techniques. The results indicated few IgA AOCC in spleen or liver, but an elevated IgA OVA response in bile compared to serum relative to IgG. The results indicate selective transport of IgA OVA antibody from serum to bile relative to IgG.
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