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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

How neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve protect cognitive functioning.

David E Vance¹, Anthony J Roberson, Teena M McGuinness

¹School of Nursing, Department of Psychology and Center for Research in Applied Gerontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, USA. devance@uab.edu

Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services

|March 31, 2010

Summary

Cognitive health throughout life depends on neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to adapt. Promoting positive brain changes through healthy habits and cognitive engagement is key for successful aging.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Aging Research

Background:

Cognitive status fluctuates across the lifespan.
Neuroplasticity, the brain's adaptive capacity, can be positive or negative.
Positive neuroplasticity enhances cognitive reserve; negative neuroplasticity leads to cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

To define positive and negative neuroplasticity.
To identify factors influencing neuroplasticity across the lifespan.
To emphasize strategies for promoting cognitive health and successful aging.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on neuroplasticity.
Analysis of factors contributing to positive and negative neuroplasticity.
Discussion of implications for lifelong cognitive health.

Main Results:

Positive neuroplasticity involves strengthening neural connections and increasing cognitive reserve.
Negative neuroplasticity involves brain atrophy and decreased cognitive reserve.
Lifestyle factors like physical activity, education, and social interaction promote positive neuroplasticity.
Factors like poor health, substance abuse, and mental health issues promote negative neuroplasticity.

Conclusions:

Optimizing cognitive health requires promoting positive neuroplasticity and mitigating negative neuroplasticity.
Interventions should focus on lifestyle modifications and cognitive engagement throughout life.
Understanding neuroplasticity is crucial for facilitating successful cognitive aging.