Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Vertical rectus muscle transposition for correcting abduction deficiency in Duane's syndrome type 1 and sixth nerve
Ziaeddin Yazdian1, Mohammad Taher Rajabi, Mohammad Ali Yazdian
1Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, Tehran University, and Tehran University Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Purpose:
To report the clinical outcome and complications of the Scott Foster procedure for treating abduction deficiency in patients with Duane's syndrome type 1 and sixth nerve palsy.
Methods:
A retrospective, interventional case series included 62 consecutive patients (62 eyes: 38 eyes with Duane's syndrome and 24 eyes with sixth nerve palsy) who underwent the Scott Foster procedure for treatment of abduction deficiency. The main outcome measures were deviation, face turn, and abduction deficiency.
Results:
In patients with sixth nerve palsy, mean distance deviation improved from 44.7+/-7.2 prism diopters (PD) before surgery to 12.5+/-4.0 PD after surgery (P<.05), and in patients with Duane's syndrome type 1, mean distance deviation improved from 31.5+/-4.3 PD preoperatively to 9.2+/-3.1 PD. Mean near deviation improved from 27.1+/-4.5 PD to 6.2+/-2.5 PD in patients with Duane's syndrome and from 40.3+/-6.2 PD to 13.7+/-3.4 PD in patients with sixth nerve palsy. Mean abduction deficiency improved from -4 to -2 (P<.05) in both groups. Face turn improved significantly after surgery. No patient had an overcorrection. No recurrence was detected.
Conclusion:
The Scott Foster procedure is effective for improving deviation, abduction deficiency, and face turn in patients with Duane's syndrome type 1 and especially in those with sixth nerve palsy.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Eye
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Muscles that Move the Head
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
