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Related Concept Videos

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either weak...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
Drug Absorption: Overview01:17

Drug Absorption: Overview

The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Percutaneous absorption with emphasis on sunscreens.

Helena Gonzalez1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Sahlgrenska, Gothenburg, Sweden. helena.gonzalez@vgregion.se

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology
|April 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sunscreens and daily-use cosmetics contain active ingredients that can be absorbed by the skin. This paper reviews methods for measuring skin absorption (percutaneous absorption) of these compounds.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Sunscreens are applied to large skin areas, often repeatedly during recreational use.
  • Daily-use products like moisturizers and foundations also contain sun-protective ingredients, applied to smaller areas.
  • Active ingredients from these products can be absorbed through the skin (percutaneous absorption).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of methods used to assess percutaneous absorption of sunscreen ingredients.
  • To highlight the significance of percutaneous absorption in the context of sunscreen and cosmetic product usage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing methodologies for measuring skin penetration of active ingredients.
  • Discussion of both in vivo (within a living organism) and in vitro (outside a living organism) approaches.
  • Comparison of techniques relevant to sunscreen and cosmetic formulations.

Main Results:

  • Multiple methods exist to quantify the extent of percutaneous absorption.
  • Both in vivo and in vitro techniques offer valuable data on ingredient penetration.
  • The choice of method depends on the specific application and research question.

Conclusions:

  • Percutaneous absorption is a critical factor for sunscreens and cosmetic products containing UV filters.
  • Understanding absorption is essential for safety and efficacy assessments.
  • This review consolidates knowledge on measurement techniques, aiding researchers in selecting appropriate methods.