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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
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A novel reactive processing technique: using telechelic polymers to reactively compatibilize polymer blends.

Earl Ashcraft1, Haining Ji, Jimmy Mays

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Difunctional reactive polymers, or telechelics, were used to create multiblock copolymers in situ for compatibilizing polymer blends. Optimal molecular weight and a 0.5 wt% loading effectively suppressed coalescence, providing guidelines for reactive polymer processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Reactive processing offers a route to in situ formation of compatibilizers for polymer blends.
  • Telechelic polymers, difunctional reactive polymers, can be utilized to form multiblock copolymers during melt blending.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effectiveness of telechelic polymers in compatibilizing polystyrene/polyisoprene blends.
  • To determine the optimal molecular weight and loading concentration of telechelics for suppressing blend coarsening.

Main Methods:

  • Melt blending of polystyrene and polyisoprene with difunctional telechelic polymers.
  • Analysis of domain size evolution using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
  • Quantification of copolymer's ability to inhibit droplet coalescence using K(rel)t(stable).

Main Results:

  • Intermediate-molecular-weight telechelics effectively suppressed coalescence, with optimal molecular weight slightly above the homopolymer's critical molecular weight (M(c)).
  • Optimal telechelic loading was determined to be 0.5 wt%, as higher concentrations caused plasticization.
  • Surface coverage analysis indicated a large excess of telechelics at higher loadings, but efficient coverage at the optimal loading.

Conclusions:

  • Telechelic molecular weight and loading concentration significantly impact their ability to form interfacial modifiers in polymer blends.
  • Established guidelines for using telechelic polymers in reactive processing for compatibilizing phase-separated polymer blends.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of K(rel)t(stable) as a parameter for quantifying compatibilization efficiency.