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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide
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Published on: June 28, 2019

Metal ion removal from aqueous solution using physic seed hull.

Masita Mohammad1, Saikat Maitra, Naveed Ahmad

  • 1Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|April 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physic seed hull (PSH) effectively removes cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) from water. This Jatropha curcas L. derivative shows promising adsorption capacity and can be regenerated for reuse.

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Published on: December 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Heavy metal contamination of water poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • Physic seed hull (PSH) from Jatropha curcas L. is an underutilized biomass with potential adsorbent properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of PSH as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) ions from aqueous solutions.
  • To elucidate the adsorption mechanism and kinetics for optimizing heavy metal removal.

Main Methods:

  • Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of initial metal ion concentration, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and pH.
  • Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using the pseudo-second-order model.
  • Adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.

Main Results:

  • Adsorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ increased with higher initial concentrations, longer contact times, elevated temperatures, increased adsorbent dosage, and acidic pH.
  • Adsorption capacity was found to be comparable to other adsorbents, with data best fitting the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer chemisorption.
  • The adsorption process exhibited three distinct stages: rapid initial uptake, slower uptake, and a final plateau.

Conclusions:

  • PSH is a viable and efficient adsorbent for removing Cd2+ and Zn2+ from contaminated water.
  • The adsorption mechanism is primarily monolayer chemisorption, following pseudo-second-order kinetics.
  • Regeneration studies showed that 36-47% of adsorbed metals could be eluted using 0.1M HCl, suggesting potential for adsorbent reuse.