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Nuclear physics from lattice QCD at strong coupling.

Ph de Forcrand¹, M Fromm

¹Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|April 7, 2010

Summary

We numerically simulated lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the strong coupling limit. Our study reveals the phase diagram and identifies nuclear matter, calculating atomic nuclei masses up to carbon.

Area of Science:

Nuclear Physics
Quantum Chromodynamics
Computational Physics

Background:

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a crucial framework for studying the behavior of quarks and gluons.
Understanding the phase diagram of QCD at finite temperature and density is essential for nuclear physics.
The strong coupling limit offers a simplified yet insightful regime for theoretical exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically investigate the strong coupling limit of lattice QCD with massless staggered quarks.
To map the complete phase diagram in terms of temperature and chemical potential.
To characterize the low-temperature dense phase as strongly bound nuclear matter and determine atomic nuclei masses.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations of lattice QCD.

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Analysis of the phase diagram, including identification of a tricritical point.

Measurement of the nuclear potential to explain matter binding.

Calculation of atomic nuclei masses up to A=12.

Main Results:

The complete phase diagram of lattice QCD in the strong coupling limit was determined.
A tricritical point was identified within the phase diagram.
The low-temperature dense phase was confirmed as strongly bound nuclear matter.
The nuclear potential was measured, explaining the binding mechanism.
Masses for atomic nuclei up to carbon (A=12) were calculated.

Conclusions:

The strong coupling limit of lattice QCD provides a valuable model for understanding nuclear matter.
First-principles calculations can yield realistic predictions for nuclear properties, including masses.
The study clarifies the nature of dense nuclear matter from fundamental principles.