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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
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Tuning spin-orbit coupling and superconductivity at the SrTiO{3}/LaAlO{3} interface: a magnetotransport study.

M Ben Shalom1, M Sachs, D Rakhmilevitch

  • 1Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The electric field effect tunes the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) in SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interfaces. Spin-orbit coupling energy (εSO) explains the gate-voltage dependence of mobility and the anomalous Hall signal, correlating with Tc.

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Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
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Published on: June 9, 2023

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

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Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates
06:49

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • The SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface exhibits emergent electronic properties, including superconductivity.
  • Electric field effects offer a powerful tool to tune interfacial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of electric field modulation on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc).
  • Analyze the anisotropy of the upper critical field and normal-state magnetotransport.
  • Determine the role of spin-orbit coupling energy (εSO) in observed phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Electric field gating to vary Tc.
  • Measurement of upper critical field anisotropy.
  • Study of normal-state magnetotransport.
  • Extraction of spin-orbit coupling energy (εSO).

Main Results:

  • Superconducting transition temperature (Tc) was successfully tuned via electric field effect.
  • Anomalous Hall signal and carrier mobility showed strong gate voltage dependence.
  • Extracted spin-orbit coupling energy (εSO) was found to correlate with Tc.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-orbit coupling energy (εSO) is a key tunable parameter governing the electronic properties of the interface.
  • The observed gate dependence of mobility and anomalous Hall effect can be explained by the tunable εSO.
  • εSO scales with Tc across the studied electric field range.