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Related Experiment Video

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Published on: August 2, 2019

Nonequilibrium fluctuation relations in a quantum coherent conductor.

Shuji Nakamura¹, Yoshiaki Yamauchi, Masayuki Hashisaka

¹Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.

Physical Review Letters

|April 7, 2010

Summary

This study validates nonequilibrium fluctuation relations in quantum conductors, showing these principles extend beyond equilibrium conditions. It provides the first experimental evidence in the quantum regime, confirming theoretical predictions.

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Area of Science:

Quantum electronics
Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics

Background:

In equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation relation connects current and current noise (Johnson-Nyquist relation).
Nonlinear regimes in conductors challenge equilibrium assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally validate nonequilibrium fluctuation relations.
To provide evidence for fluctuation theorems in the quantum regime.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a quantum coherent conductor.
Applying voltage bias to enter the nonlinear regime.

Main Results:

Qualitatively validated predictions of nonequilibrium fluctuation relations.
Demonstrated validity even when Onsager-Casmir relations are broken by magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

First experimental evidence of fluctuation theorems in the nonequilibrium quantum regime.
Confirms the applicability of fluctuation relations beyond equilibrium.