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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...

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Isolation of Retinal Arterioles for Ex Vivo Cell Physiology Studies
12:42

Isolation of Retinal Arterioles for Ex Vivo Cell Physiology Studies

Published on: July 14, 2018

Transient receptor potential channels and vascular function.

Scott Earley1, Joseph E Brayden

  • 1Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in endothelial and smooth muscle cells regulate vascular function. Understanding their roles and interactions offers new therapeutic targets for vascular diseases like hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are crucial for normal and pathological cellular functions.
  • In the vasculature, TRP channels are found in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), influencing vasomotor control.
  • These channels respond to diverse stimuli including mechanical stress, receptor activation, and dietary compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the specific roles of vascular TRP channels in normal and impaired vascular physiology.
  • To investigate the interactions between TRP channels and other vascular proteins and signaling pathways.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on TRP channel function in vascular cells.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving TRP channels in the vasculature.
  • Exploration of potential pharmacological interventions targeting TRP channels.

Main Results:

  • Vascular TRP channels are implicated in key signaling processes: neurotransmission, hormonal signaling, nitric oxide (NO) production, myogenic tone, blood flow autoregulation, thermoregulation, oxidative stress responses, and cellular proliferation.
  • Emerging research highlights their involvement in both healthy and diseased vascular states.
  • Interactions with other vascular proteins and signaling mechanisms are under active investigation.

Conclusions:

  • TRP channels are vital regulators of vascular function, impacting a wide range of physiological and pathological processes.
  • Further research into TRP channel interactions is expected to yield new therapeutic strategies for vascular conditions such as hypertension, ischemia, vasospasm, and proliferative disorders.