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Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation01:10

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next sampling...
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Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Interferometric image reconstruction through the turbulent atmosphere.

K Itoh, Y Ohtsuka

    Applied Optics
    |April 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    High-resolution object imaging is possible despite atmospheric turbulence. A novel technique reconstructs object radiance spectra from interference patterns, enabling clear image recovery.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Image processing
    • Atmospheric optics

    Background:

    • Atmospheric turbulence distorts light propagation, degrading image quality.
    • Reconstructing high-resolution images from distorted data is a significant challenge in optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a method for recovering high-resolution images of incoherent objects affected by atmospheric turbulence.
    • To present a novel reconstruction technique based on spatial frequency spectrum analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a computer-controlled wave front folding interferometer to capture digitized interference patterns.
    • Calculating the spatial frequency spectrum of object radiance from the interference data.
    • Applying a reconstruction algorithm to restore the object's image.

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    Published on: November 16, 2019

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    Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
    10:53

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

    Published on: March 12, 2019

    High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip
    14:09

    High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip

    Published on: November 16, 2019

    Main Results:

    • Successful recovery of a high-resolution image despite simulated atmospheric turbulence.
    • Demonstration of the technique's efficacy in overcoming image degradation caused by turbulence.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique effectively reconstructs object radiance spectra, enabling high-resolution imaging through atmospheric turbulence.
    • This method offers a promising solution for clear imaging in turbulent environments.