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Related Concept Videos

Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Doppler Effect - II01:05

Doppler Effect - II

The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot01:15

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot

A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) plot is a graphical tool used to assess the performance of a binary classification model by illustrating the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (false positive rate). By plotting sensitivity against 1 - specificity across various threshold settings, the ROC curve shows how well the model distinguishes between classes, with a curve closer to the top-left corner indicating a more accurate model. The area under the ROC curve...
Doppler Effect - I00:56

Doppler Effect - I

The Doppler effect and Doppler shift were named after the Austrian physicist and mathematician Christian Johann Doppler in 1842, who conducted experiments with both moving sources and moving observers. Consider an observer standing on a street corner, observing an ambulance with a siren sound passing by at a constant speed. The observer experiences two characteristic changes in the sound of the siren. Initially, the sound increases in loudness as the ambulance approaches and decreases in...
Discrete-time Fourier transform01:26

Discrete-time Fourier transform

The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is an essential mathematical tool for analyzing discrete-time signals, converting them from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation allows for examining the frequency components of discrete signals, providing insights into their spectral characteristics. In the DTFT, the continuous integral used in the continuous-time Fourier transform is replaced by a summation to accommodate the discrete nature of the signal.
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
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Published on: March 13, 2017

A novel beat-noise-reducing en/decoding technology for a coherent 2-D OCDMA system.

Jilin Zheng1, Rong Wang, Tao Pu

  • 1Photonics Information Technology Laboratory, Institute of Communication Engineering, Nanjing 210007,China. zhengjilinjs@126.com

Optics Express
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new fiber Bragg grating (FBG) en/decoder effectively suppresses beat noise (BN) in coherent 2-D wavelength-time optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems. Experiments confirm improved bit error rate (BER) performance for OCDMA networks.

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Published on: October 17, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Optical communications
  • Photonics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Coherent optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems face challenges with beat noise (BN).
  • Existing en/decoding methods may not sufficiently suppress BN, impacting system performance.
  • Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) offer potential for advanced optical signal processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based en/decoder for coherent 2-D wavelength-time (WT) OCDMA systems.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed en/decoder in suppressing beat noise (BN).
  • To evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance improvement compared to conventional schemes.

Main Methods:

  • Design and simulation of an FBG-based en/decoder for 2-D WT-OCDMA.
  • Comparative analysis of the proposed scheme against conventional methods via simulations.
  • Experimental validation of the en/decoding function and BN suppression with two users at various data rates (2.5, 5, 10 Gb/s).

Main Results:

  • The proposed FBG-based en/decoder successfully performs the en/decoding function.
  • Significant suppression of beat noise (BN) was demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
  • Numerical analysis showed a notable improvement in bit error rate (BER) compared to the conventional system.

Conclusions:

  • The novel FBG-based en/decoder is a feasible and effective solution for beat noise (BN) suppression in coherent 2-D WT-OCDMA systems.
  • The proposed method offers enhanced performance, particularly in terms of BER, making it suitable for high-speed optical networks.
  • This FBG-based approach advances OCDMA technology by addressing critical noise limitations.