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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Anxiety and feedback negativity.

Ruolei Gu1, Yu-Xia Huang, Yue-Jia Luo

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Psychophysiology
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High trait-anxiety individuals show a reduced feedback negativity (FN) response to negative outcomes compared to low trait-anxiety individuals. This suggests anxiety impacts how people expect and evaluate outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Anxious individuals may perceive negative outcomes as more extreme and interpret ambiguous outcomes negatively.
  • The feedback negativity (FN) component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is sensitive to outcome evaluation and expectancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in the FN component of ERPs between high trait-anxiety (HTA) and low trait-anxiety (LTA) individuals.
  • To explore the relationship between trait anxiety and the brain's response to negative and ambiguous outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded electroencephalography (EEG) to measure event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • Utilized a monetary gambling task to elicit responses to different outcome valences.
  • Calculated the feedback negativity (FN) as a difference wave between negative and positive outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The amplitude of the FN was significantly larger for LTA individuals compared to HTA individuals when evaluating negative versus positive outcomes.
  • No significant difference in FN amplitude was observed between HTA and LTA individuals for ambiguous versus positive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in trait anxiety are related to the FN component of ERPs.
  • Anxiety appears to influence outcome expectation, leading to differential processing of negative feedback.
  • Findings challenge reinforcement learning theories suggesting ERN and FN are identical cognitive processes.