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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

CC3/TIP30 affects DNA damage repair.

Sylvia Fong¹, Frank King, Emma Shtivelman

¹BioNovo Inc, 5858 Horton Street, Emeryville 94608, CA, USA.

BMC Cell Biology

|April 9, 2010

Summary

The pro-apoptotic protein CC3/TIP30 inhibits DNA damage repair. Manipulating CC3 levels affects cellular responses to genotoxic stress, impacting tumor suppression and metastasis.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Research

Background:

CC3/TIP30 is a pro-apoptotic protein with a role in inhibiting nucleocytoplasmic transport, particularly under stress.
CC3 is implicated as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in various cancers.
The yeast homolog of CC3 is involved in DNA damage responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of CC3 in regulating cellular responses to genotoxic stress.
To understand how CC3 influences DNA damage repair mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Examined the effects of forced CC3 expression and CC3 silencing on DNA repair.
Assessed the impact of CC3 on the expression and localization of key proteins involved in DNA damage response (e.g., DDB2/XPE, p21CIP1).
Investigated CC3's role in repairing UV-induced and oxidative DNA damage.

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

Application of Laser Micro-irradiation for Examination of Single and Double Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

Published on: September 5, 2017

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Main Results:

Forced CC3 expression delays UV-induced DNA damage repair by reducing DDB2/XPE and p21CIP1 levels and inhibiting c-FOS induction.
Exogenous CC3 prevents nuclear accumulation of p21CIP1 post-UV exposure.
CC3 silencing moderately delays UV damage repair but significantly impairs translesion DNA synthesis.
CC3 inhibits oxidative DNA damage repair and decreases nucleoredoxin levels, reducing cell viability.

Conclusions:

Altering CC3 levels affects nucleocytoplasmic transport of key proteins, modifying genotoxic stress responses.
Excess CC3 significantly impairs DNA repair after UV and oxidant exposure.
Silencing CC3 leads to a slight delay in UV damage repair but impacts translesion synthesis.