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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
07:48

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Published on: November 26, 2015

Taking risks with translational research.

Ian G Mills1, Richard B Sykes

  • 1Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge, Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK. ian.mills@cancer.org.uk

Science Translational Medicine
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational research faces commercial risks, as seen with deCODE

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation
09:13

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
07:48

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research

Published on: November 26, 2015

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation
09:13

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Translational Research
  • Biotechnology Commercialization

Background:

  • The bankruptcy of deCODE, a company specializing in genetic variance and disease association, underscores the financial challenges in translational research.
  • Both corporate and academic models for connecting genetics and disease face limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the commercial risks inherent in translational research, particularly in the field of genetics.
  • To propose an optimized model for translational research that mitigates commercial risks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the deCODE bankruptcy case as a model for commercial challenges in genetic research.
  • Comparative assessment of purely corporate versus purely academic research models.
  • Proposal of a hybrid public-private sector approach for translational research.

Main Results:

  • Neither a solely corporate nor a solely academic approach is sufficient for successful translational research in genetics.
  • The high-throughput aspects of translational research are best suited for the private sector.

Conclusions:

  • A collaborative model is proposed where the private sector handles high-throughput research, and public/government funding supports long-term scientific development.
  • This hybrid model aims to foster scientific confidence in utilizing genetic data for a mechanistic understanding of complex diseases.