Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Primary Complex Motor Stereotypies.

Movement disorders clinical practice·2026
Same author

Reading Errors of Importance: The Role of Word Frequency and Relevance in Passage-Specific Comprehension.

Reading & writing quarterly : overcoming learning difficulties·2026
Same author

Personalized White Matter Bundle Segmentation for Early Childhood.

Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering·2026
Same author

Analytic Bounds on GAMLSS Model Variability of Normative White Matter Brain Charts.

Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering·2026
Same author

Lifespan Trajectories of Asymmetry in White Matter Tracts.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: White matter micro- and macrostructure brain charts for the human lifespan.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Associations Between Self-Reported Literacy and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Children, Adolescents, and Older Adults.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026
Same journal

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Learning Disabilities Identification in U.S. Elementary Schools.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026
Same journal

Universal Screening of Early Numeracy Skills in Spanish-Speaking Kindergarteners.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026
Same journal

AI Chatbots and Dyslexia: How AI Chatbots Empower Students With Dyslexia to Master Arithmetic Word Problems.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026
Same journal

Instructional Decision-Making for Students With Intensive Early Writing Needs: Student Growth in Sentence-Level Curriculum-Based Measurement.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026
Same journal

Effects of Calculation and Reading Fluency Interventions Focusing on Awareness and Adaptive Use of Strategies: Supporting Children With Comorbid Fluency Problems.

Journal of learning disabilities·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Executive dysfunction among children with reading comprehension deficits.

Gianna Locascio1, E Mark Mahone, Sarah H Eason

  • 1Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA.

Journal of Learning Disabilities
|April 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with specific reading comprehension deficits (S-RCD) struggle with planning and organization, unlike those with word recognition deficits. This executive function difficulty directly impacts reading comprehension, not just word decoding.

More Related Videos

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) is increasingly linked to reading comprehension.
  • Specific reading comprehension deficit (S-RCD) involves comprehension issues despite adequate word recognition.
  • The precise EF profile in S-RCD remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific executive function (EF) components underlying S-RCD.
  • To differentiate EF profiles between S-RCD, word recognition deficits (WRD), and average readers.
  • To investigate the relationship between EF, phonological processing, and reading abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Compared EF skills (Planning/Spatial Working Memory, Verbal Working Memory, Response Inhibition) in 86 children (ages 10-14) across three groups: average readers, WRD, and S-RCD.
  • Utilized exploratory principal components analysis to identify latent EF factors.
  • Conducted further analyses controlling for phonological processing.

Main Results:

  • Word recognition deficits (WRD) group showed deficits in Verbal Working Memory and Inhibition, which disappeared after controlling for phonological processing.
  • Specific reading comprehension deficit (S-RCD) group demonstrated significant deficits in Planning/Spatial Working Memory, even after controlling for phonological processing.
  • Findings suggest planning deficits are specifically associated with S-RCD.

Conclusions:

  • Reading comprehension difficulties are linked to executive dysfunction, particularly impaired strategic planning.
  • Poor planning and organization may be a direct cause of S-RCD.
  • Distinguishing EF profiles is crucial for understanding different reading deficits.