Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Implementing a novel digital health platform for self-management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A qualitative study of user experiences, perspectives and implementation outcomes.

Bone·2026

Same author

Atypical femur fractures: insights from the Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies consensus paper.

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia·2026

Same author

Osteoporosis and fragility fracture burden in Asia Pacific: Key findings from the APCO-IOF Asia Pacific Regional Audit.

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia·2026

Same author

24-month real-world persistence and compliance of denosumab versus alendronate among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Australia, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

Journal of bone and mineral metabolism·2026

Same author

Regional data, global lessons: what the Asia-Pacific osteoporosis audit teaches the world.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2026

Same author

Implementation of a primary care-based fracture liaison service with information technology support to improve osteoporosis management in general practice - a pilot study.

Bone·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Androgens and osteoporosis.

Peter R Ebeling¹

¹Department of Medicine (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Western Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia. peterre@unimelb.edu.au

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity

|April 9, 2010

Summary

Men with osteoporosis benefit from understanding androgen action on bone. Testosterone treatment is recommended for symptomatic men with androgen deficiency, but more research is needed for age-related decline.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Bone Biology
Men's Health

Background:

Osteoporosis in men is a significant public health issue.
Recent advancements have clarified the mechanisms of androgen action on bone cells and in humans.
Understanding androgens' role in bone loss pathophysiology can drive novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of androgen action in bone cells.
To explore the role of androgens in male osteoporosis.
To identify potential new treatments for bone loss.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advances in androgen action and bone metabolism.
Analysis of the direct and indirect effects of testosterone on bone cells.

More Related Videos

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Evaluation of clinical data regarding testosterone therapy in men with osteoporosis.

Main Results:

Androgen receptors are prevalent in bone cells, mediating testosterone's effects directly and indirectly via estrogen receptors.
Androgen receptor activation positively influences periosteal growth and bone expansion, while ERalpha activation is inhibitory.
Androgen deficiency is a key secondary cause of male osteoporosis, warranting testosterone treatment in symptomatic individuals.
Testosterone is less effective as a first-line treatment for age-related bone loss compared to established therapies like bisphosphonates.

Conclusions:

Testosterone therapy is indicated for men with symptomatic androgen deficiency and osteoporosis.
Further randomized, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to assess testosterone's efficacy and safety in men with age-related testosterone decline and osteoporosis.
These trials should rigorously evaluate fracture reduction and other health benefits of testosterone therapy.