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Updated: Jun 14, 2026
Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
Published on: April 27, 2014
Identification of cerebral response to balloon distention of the bile duct
Jin Kan Sai1, Masafumi Suyama, Yoshihiro Kubokawa
1Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. jinkans@juntendo.ac.jp
Aim:
To identify the brain loci that process human biliary sensation.
Methods:
In 6 patients (age range: 42-74 years; 4 men), who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), the distal biliary tract was stimulated by repeatedly inflating the balloon of the PTBD catheter so that it reached volumes that produced a definite painless sensation. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the cortical response to biliary sensation was examined.
Results:
Biliary balloon stimulation elicited activation of the insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Biliary balloon stimulation evoked a cerebral cortical response detectable by fMRI.
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