Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Establishing the Reliability of a Functional Performance Test Battery That Incorporates the QASLS Tool in Pre-Elite Female Field Hockey Players.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Force and Power Testing During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation: A World-Wide Survey of Current Practices.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2025

Same author

Between-Day Reliability of Kinematic Variables Using Markerless Motion Capture for Single-Leg Squat and Single-Leg Landing Tasks.

International journal of sports physical therapy·2025

Same author

Reliability and validity of lower extremity and trunk kinematics measured with markerless motion capture during sports-related and functional tasks: A systematic review.

Journal of sports sciences·2025

Same author

Lower extremity functional performance tests and their measurement properties in athletes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine·2025

Same author

Underutilization of coper/non-coper screening in anterior cruciate ligament injuries management in Italy: an online survey.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Published on: September 17, 2013

Drop jump landing knee valgus angle; normative data in a physically active population.

Lee Herrington¹, Allan Munro

¹Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, Allerton Building, University of Salford, Manchester M6 6PU, UK. l.c.herrington@salford.ac.uk <l.c.herrington@salford.ac.uk>

Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine

|April 13, 2010

Summary

Establishing normative knee valgus angles is crucial for assessing landing mechanics. Males and females exhibit different knee valgus ranges during drop jumps but similar ranges during step landings.

More Related Videos

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Published on: September 17, 2013

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Medicine
Orthopedics

Background:

Knee valgus, a measure of inward knee movement, is a critical indicator of lower limb biomechanical function.
Understanding normative values for knee valgus during dynamic landing tasks is essential for injury prevention and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish normative values for knee valgus angle during drop jump and step landing tasks.
To investigate potential sex differences in knee valgus during these landing activities.

Main Methods:

An observational study was conducted in a university biomechanics laboratory.
One hundred physically active, asymptomatic individuals (50 males, 50 females, aged 18-28 years) participated.
Knee valgus angle was measured during controlled drop jump and step landing tasks.

Main Results:

No significant sex differences were observed in knee valgus angle during the step landing task (p < 0.12).
Significant sex differences were found in knee valgus angle during the drop jump landing task (p < 0.048).
No significant differences in knee valgus were found between the left and right legs for either task, nor between the two landing tasks within each sex.

Conclusions:

Normative knee valgus angle ranges for a drop jump landing task are approximately 7-13 degrees for females and 3-8 degrees for males.
Normative knee valgus angle ranges for a unilateral step landing task are approximately 5-12 degrees for females and 1-9 degrees for males.
These findings provide valuable reference data for clinicians and researchers evaluating knee alignment during landing.