Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A retrospective study on diagnostic yield, tumor types, and complications of CT-guided bone biopsies.

Acta radiologica open·2026
Same author

In Response.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2020
Same author

Your COVID-19 Intubation Kit.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2020
Same author

Inhaled Iloprost Versus Epoprostenol in Heart Transplant Recipients.

Respiratory care·2019
Same author

Patients requiring perioperative nutritional support.

The Medical clinics of North America·2013
Same author

The optimal hematocrit.

Critical care clinics·2010
Same journal

Critical Care and Contagion: Evolving Frontiers of Infectious Diseases in the Modern Intensive Care Unit.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Advances and Challenges in Sepsis Care in Low-Resource Settings.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

The Respiratory Triple Pandemic in the Intensive Care Unit: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Management of COVID-19, Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Antibiotic Stewardship for the Intensivist.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Infection Prevention and Control in the Intensive Care Unit.

Critical care clinics·2026
Same journal

Antibiotic Considerations in the Critically Ill: Empiric Choices and Dosing.

Critical care clinics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

Dynamic indices of preload.

T Miko Enomoto1, Louise Harder

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Mail Code UHS-2, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. enomotot@ohsu.edu

Critical Care Clinics
|April 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding fluid responsiveness is crucial for managing hypotension and shock. This article reviews dynamic methods to assess fluid responsiveness, avoiding volume overload and its complications.

More Related Videos

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment
08:49

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment

Published on: August 2, 2024

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism
11:04

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Published on: September 1, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
09:32

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge

Published on: January 20, 2023

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment
08:49

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment

Published on: August 2, 2024

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism
11:04

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Published on: September 1, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Hypotension and shock are critical challenges in intensive care.
  • Volume overload can lead to impaired gas exchange and myocardial dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore dynamic methods for assessing preload responsiveness.
  • To guide fluid management strategies in critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness.
  • Discussion of physiological principles underlying preload assessment.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic methods offer a more accurate assessment of fluid responsiveness than static measures.
  • Optimizing preload can prevent complications associated with fluid overload.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic assessment of preload responsiveness is essential for effective fluid management.
  • Appropriate fluid administration can improve patient outcomes in shock.