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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Position and Displacement01:31

Position and Displacement

The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an object are described. Earth is often used as a frame of reference, and we often describe the position of an object as it relates to stationary objects on Earth. For example, a rocket launch could be described in terms of the position of the rocket with respect to Earth as a whole. On the other...
Impact of Social Context on Individuals01:21

Impact of Social Context on Individuals

Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
05:54

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

Placing a text in context.

Debra L Long1, Alice Spooner

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. dllong@ucdavis.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|April 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Readers with high prior knowledge of a text topic better recall contextual details during comprehension. This suggests that personal experiences during reading are encoded with text meaning, impacting memory.

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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
05:54

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Understanding the context of text comprehension is crucial for effective learning.
  • Prior research has explored text comprehension but less on memory for contextual details.
  • The role of reader's existing knowledge in memory for comprehension context is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether readers can accurately retrieve contextual information during text comprehension.
  • To determine if memory for context differs based on the reader's knowledge level.
  • To explore the relationship between contextual retrieval, recall, and prior knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied ambiguous texts under high-knowledge or low-knowledge conditions.
  • Memory for contextual details (sentence location, passage border color, experimenter's shirt color) was assessed.
  • Recall protocols were collected after participants answered comprehension questions.

Main Results:

  • High prior knowledge significantly enhanced both contextual retrieval and overall recall.
  • Contextual retrieval and recall were positively correlated, especially in the high-knowledge group.
  • Findings indicate that comprehension context is encoded in memory alongside text meaning.

Conclusions:

  • Reader's knowledge level influences memory for the context of text comprehension.
  • Personal experiences during reading are integrated into memory with semantic information.
  • Results have implications for source monitoring theories and understanding memory encoding during learning.