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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
06:27

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

Solar spectral measurements in the terrestrial environment.

R E Bird, R L Hulstrom, A W Kliman

    Applied Optics
    |April 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    New instrument measurements provide calibrated terrestrial solar spectra under various atmospheric conditions, detailing spectral data for critical studies and illustrating atmospheric effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric science
    • Spectroscopy
    • Radiometry

    Background:

    • Solar spectra are crucial for understanding atmospheric processes and energy transfer.
    • Accurate spectral measurements are needed for various scientific and technological applications.
    • Existing spectral data may lack the resolution or breadth for specific research needs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present calibrated terrestrial solar spectra obtained with a novel instrument.
    • To provide high-resolution spectral data across a broad wavelength scale.
    • To illustrate the impact of atmospheric conditions on the solar spectrum.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurements of direct normal, diffuse, and global solar spectra.
    • Simultaneous recording of atmospheric turbidity and cloud cover.

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    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

    Published on: October 27, 2017

    Evaluation of Photosynthetic Behaviors by Simultaneous Measurements of Leaf Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analyses
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    Evaluation of Photosynthetic Behaviors by Simultaneous Measurements of Leaf Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analyses

    Published on: August 9, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
    06:27

    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

    Published on: May 29, 2019

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
    09:00

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

    Published on: October 27, 2017

    Evaluation of Photosynthetic Behaviors by Simultaneous Measurements of Leaf Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analyses
    10:20

    Evaluation of Photosynthetic Behaviors by Simultaneous Measurements of Leaf Reflectance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analyses

    Published on: August 9, 2019

  • Calibration of spectral data under diverse atmospheric conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Presentation of calibrated terrestrial solar spectra.
    • Comprehensive dataset illustrating atmospheric effects on solar radiation.
    • Data suitable for studies sensitive to spectral position and bandwidth.

    Conclusions:

    • The new instrument effectively captures detailed terrestrial solar spectra.
    • The provided spectral data serve as a valuable resource for atmospheric research.
    • The dataset highlights the significant influence of atmospheric parameters on solar spectral distribution.