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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

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Published on: August 7, 2017

Near-Real Time Monitoring of Active Volcanoes from Space Using SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer)

Carolina Filizzola¹, Giuseppe Mazzeo¹, Nicola Genzano²

¹Istituto di Metodologie Integrate per l'Osservazione della Terra (IMIOT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/da S. Loja, 85050 Tito, PZ, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 15, 2026

Summary

An automated system using Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) shortwave infrared bands effectively monitors volcanic activity. This system achieved a low false positive rate, showing potential for global volcano surveillance.

Keywords:

NHI SLSTR SWIR volcanoes

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Area of Science:

* Earth Observation
* Remote Sensing
* Volcanology

Background:

* Sentinel-3 satellites carry the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR).
* SLSTR provides data from visible to thermal infrared wavelengths with a 12-hour temporal resolution.
* Active volcano monitoring requires near real-time detection of thermal anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

* To present an automated system for near real-time monitoring of active volcanoes using SLSTR data.
* To detect and characterize high-temperature volcanic features using shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands.
* To assess the system's performance and its contribution to global volcano surveillance.

Main Methods:

* Implementation of a normalized hotspot index (NHI) using SWIR bands at 500 m resolution.
* Detection and characterization of high-temperature volcanic features under day and night conditions.
* Validation against established systems like FIRMS, MIROVA, MODVOLC, and S3-L2 FRP products.

Main Results:

* The NHI-SLSTR system successfully identified volcanic activities during its initial three months of operation.
* A false positive rate of approximately 2.0% was observed, including vegetation fires and other heat sources.
* Preliminary comparisons with MIROVA-MODIS showed good correlation in fire radiative power estimates for specific volcanoes, despite some discrepancies.

Conclusions:

* The NHI-SLSTR system demonstrates significant potential for contributing to active volcano surveillance from space.
* The system can integrate with other global monitoring systems to provide complementary information.
* Challenges such as snow cover and band co-registration require further attention for improved accuracy.