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DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Sanger Sequencing

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

Programmed-assembly system using DNA jigsaw pieces.

Masayuki Endo¹, Tsutomu Sugita, Yousuke Katsuda

¹Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. endo@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|April 15, 2010

Summary

Researchers developed a novel DNA origami method using "DNA jigsaw pieces" with programmed connectors. This technique enables precise assembly of complex nanostructures and programmable display of information, like words.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

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Published on: December 1, 2017

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: July 8, 2013

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

DNA origami is a powerful technique for creating nanoscale structures.
Current methods face challenges in assembling multiple, distinct DNA origami units with high precision.
Developing programmable assembly methods is crucial for advanced nanoscale applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel method for assembling multiple DNA origami structures using designed DNA rectangles as
DNA jigsaw pieces
with sequence-programmed connectors.
To demonstrate the precise and programmable assembly of these DNA jigsaw pieces into ordered nanostructures.
To showcase the potential of this system for displaying information at the nanoscale.

Main Methods:

Designed 2D DNA origami rectangles with sequence-programmed connectors were created.
Shape and sequence complementarity were engineered into connectors for selective assembly.
Nonselective pi-stacking interactions facilitated connection between DNA jigsaw pieces.
Assembly of single and multiple different DNA jigsaw pieces into unidirectional nanostructures was performed.

Main Results:

Single DNA jigsaw pieces were successfully assembled into unidirectional nanostructures with correct alignment and uniform orientation.
Three and five different DNA jigsaw pieces were assembled into predesigned and ordered nanostructures in a programmed manner.
Three-, four-, and five-letter words were successfully displayed using the programmed DNA jigsaw piece system.

Conclusions:

The developed DNA jigsaw piece system offers a novel and effective method for assembling multiple DNA origami structures.
This approach allows for programmed, precise, and ordered assembly of nanoscale components.
The system demonstrates potential for creating complex nanostructures and encoding information at the nanoscale.