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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
Published on: February 20, 2021
Monte Carlo single-cell dosimetry of Auger-electron emitting radionuclides
C Bousis1, D Emfietzoglou, P Hadjidoukas
1Department of Medical Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
Abstract:
A hybrid Monte Carlo transport scheme combining event-by-event and condensed-history simulation with a full account of energy-loss straggling was used to study the dosimetric characteristics of the Auger-emitting radionuclides 67Ga, 99mTc, 111In, 123I, 125I and 201Tl at the single-cell level. The influence of the intracellular localization of the Auger radionuclide upon cellular S-values, radial dose rate profiles and dose-volume-histograms (DVHs) was investigated. For the case where the radiopharmaceutical was either internalized into the cytoplasm or remained bound onto the cell surface (non-internalized), the dose to the cell nucleus was found to differ significantly from the MIRD values and other published data. In this case, the assumption of a homogeneous distribution throughout the cell is shown to significantly overestimate the nuclear dose. A dosimetric case study relevant to the radioimmunotherapy of single lymphoma B-cells with 125I and 123I is presented.
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