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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...

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Suppression of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) expression stimulates immunity and enhances white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) resistance in Penaeus vannamei.

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Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

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Published on: December 21, 2019

Shrimp molecular responses to viral pathogens.

T W Flegel1, Kallaya Sritunyalucksana

  • 1National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. sctwf@mahidol.ac.th

Marine Biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)
|April 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Shrimp farming is a major global industry, but viral diseases cause significant losses. Research is exploring shrimp molecular responses to viruses like white spot syndrome virus for better disease control.

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Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Shrimp aquaculture has grown significantly, becoming a key export industry.
  • Viral diseases, particularly white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), cause substantial economic losses in shrimp farming.
  • Previous research has focused on understanding shrimp-viral interactions at the molecular level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on shrimp responses to viral pathogens.
  • To identify limitations in existing knowledge and suggest areas for future investigation.
  • To develop practical methods for enhancing disease control in shrimp aquaculture.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on shrimp immunity and viral interactions.
  • Analysis of studies on humoral and intracellular immune responses in shrimp.
  • Examination of viral binding to shrimp proteins and host-pathogen dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding shrimp molecular responses to viruses.
  • Several key phenomena, including quasi-immune responses and persistent infections, require further molecular investigation.
  • Current knowledge gaps hinder the development of effective disease management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Further molecular research is crucial for improving shrimp disease control.
  • Understanding complex viral interactions is essential for sustainable aquaculture.
  • Novel strategies are needed to mitigate losses from viral diseases in farmed shrimp.