Comparative Analysis of Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme (CAZyme) Diversity Across Diverse Algal Lineages

Algae are characterized by lineage-specific storage and structural carbohydrates; however, the metabolic pathways governing these compounds remain largely uncharacterized despite their high commercial value in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical sectors. This study addresses this knowledge gap through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes) across green, red, and brown algae. By utilizing functional homology searches, the CAZyme repertoires of these lineages were identified. Systematic comparative profiling revealed both distinct lineage-specific "glycobiomes" and a core set of conserved enzymes shared across these groups. Additionally, phylogenetic and conserved sequence motif analyses were integrated to provide functional interpretations that link CAZymes to unique cell wall compositions and carbon reserves. Furthermore, the results offer deeper insights into the potential CAZymes driving the biosynthesis of sulfated algal polysaccharides. By mapping these complex biosynthetic enzymes, this study establishes a foundation for the biotechnological and industrial exploitation of algal glycans.