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Related Concept Videos

The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque exerted...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
The Y-to-Y Circuit01:19

The Y-to-Y Circuit

In a balanced four-wire wye-to-wye system, the arrangement involves wye-connected sinusoidal voltage sources and loads, connected through a neutral wire that links the neutral nodes of the source and load. The load impedance is connected across each phase of the load. The wye-connected source can be connected to the wye-connected load in four-wire and three-wire arrangements. A three-phase system is considered balanced when the load on each phase is equal, leading to uniform current flow and...

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Lens-free Video Microscopy for the Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis of Adherent Cell Culture
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Lens-free Video Microscopy for the Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis of Adherent Cell Culture

Published on: February 23, 2018

Analysis of the phase unwrapping algorithm.

K Itoh

    Applied Optics
    |April 17, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed digital imaging techniques to improve resolution through atmospheric turbulence. Phase unwrapping is crucial for averaging phase angles, enabling clearer images by removing atmospheric distortions.

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    Published on: February 23, 2018

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    High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques
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    High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

    Published on: December 3, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy
    • Digital Signal Processing
    • Optical Imaging

    Background:

    • Atmospheric turbulence significantly degrades image resolution in high-resolution imaging.
    • Existing digital techniques aim to mitigate these atmospheric effects using Fourier transforms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and explain digital techniques for high-resolution imaging through turbulent atmospheres.
    • To highlight the critical role of phase unwrapping in improving image quality.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculating and averaging phase angles from image Fourier transforms.
    • Implementing phase unwrapping algorithms to resolve 2π ambiguities in computed phase angles.

    Main Results:

    • Suppression of atmospheric effects on image resolution.
    • Obtaining continuous phase curves essential for accurate image reconstruction.

    Conclusions:

    • Digital techniques, particularly phase unwrapping, are effective for high-resolution imaging in turbulent conditions.
    • The described methods offer a pathway to overcome atmospheric limitations in optical imaging.