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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
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Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...

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Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
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Published on: April 16, 2018

Electrochemical disinfection using the gas diffusion electrode system.

Wenying Xu1, Ping Li, Bin Dong

  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. inna_xu@hotmail.com

Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical disinfection using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated at a gas diffusion electrode effectively inactivated bacteria in wastewater effluent. Optimizing platinum load, pore-forming agents, and operating conditions enhanced disinfection efficiency.

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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Water Treatment

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment requires effective disinfection methods to remove harmful bacteria.
  • Electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) offers a promising approach for disinfection.
  • Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are key components in electrochemical H2O2 generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrochemical disinfection of secondary wastewater effluent using H2O2 generated at a GDE.
  • To evaluate the impact of GDE properties (Pt load, pore-forming agent) and operating conditions on disinfection efficacy.
  • To understand the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation in the electrochemical process.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical disinfection was performed in a non-membrane cell using H2O2 generated at an active carbon/polytetrafluoroethylene GDE.
  • The effects of platinum (Pt) loading, pore-forming agent (NH4HCO3) content, current density, pH, oxygen flow rate, and initial bacterial count were studied.
  • Bacterial inactivation was assessed by monitoring bacterial cultures in secondary effluent.

Main Results:

  • Nearly complete inactivation of bacterial cultures was achieved within 30 minutes at a current density of 10 mA/cm2.
  • Disinfection efficacy improved with increased Pt load, addition of NH4HCO3, decreased pH, and increased oxygen flow rate.
  • Germicidal efficacy increased with current density, reaching maximum acceleration at 6.7 mA/cm2, and improved with lower initial bacterial counts.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical disinfection using GDE-generated H2O2 is highly effective for treating wastewater effluent.
  • Optimizing GDE composition and operating parameters significantly enhances disinfection performance.
  • Both direct oxidation and indirect effects of H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals contribute to bacterial inactivation.