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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Overactive bladder.

Emily Henderson1, Marcus Drake

  • 1North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

Maturitas
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overactive bladder (OAB) affects quality of life, with treatments ranging from behavioral changes to medications and surgery. Research explores new therapies targeting cellular excitability and nerve activity for better OAB management.

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Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) prevalence increases with age, significantly impacting quality of life.
  • OAB is characterized by urinary urgency, with poorly understood mechanisms involving smooth muscle, nerve activity, and central processing.
  • Current management includes behavioral therapies, medications like antimuscarinics, and advanced treatments for refractory cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of overactive bladder (OAB) mechanisms.
  • To outline clinical assessment and treatment strategies for OAB.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic approaches for OAB.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of OAB pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and treatment options.
  • Analysis of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
  • Exploration of novel and investigational therapies for OAB.

Main Results:

  • Antimuscarinic drugs offer symptom relief but have side effects, limiting long-term adherence.
  • Secondary care interventions include urodynamics, neuromodulation, and surgery, with variable outcomes.
  • Investigational treatments target cellular excitability and sensory nerve activity, including beta-3 adrenergic receptors and TRP channels.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing OAB management requires personalized treatment based on efficacy and side effect profiles.
  • Advanced therapies like neuromodulation and surgery are options for severe, refractory cases.
  • Emerging research focuses on novel drug targets and interventions to improve OAB treatment efficacy and tolerability.