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Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas01:18

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas

When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
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Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
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Radiative cooling computed for model atmospheres.

T S Eriksson, C G Granqvist

    Applied Optics
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Radiative cooling surfaces can achieve significant temperature drops below ambient. Water vapor strongly influences cooling power, impacting various cooling applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric science
    • Radiative transfer
    • Thermodynamics

    Background:

    • Understanding radiative cooling is crucial for passive cooling technologies.
    • Atmospheric conditions significantly influence radiative heat exchange.
    • Surface properties affect radiative heat transfer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To calculate spectral radiance and radiative cooling power for different model atmospheres.
    • To evaluate the temperature drop of surfaces radiating towards the sky.
    • To assess the impact of surface properties and atmospheric conditions on radiative cooling.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the LOWTRAN 5 computer code for spectral radiance calculations.
    • Modeled horizontal surfaces as blackbodies or infrared-selective materials.
    • Assessed radiative cooling power and temperature differences under various atmospheric conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Freely radiating surfaces showed cooling power between 58-113 Wm(-2).
    • Temperature differences ranged from 11-33°C depending on surface type and atmosphere.
    • Water vapor content strongly affected radiative cooling; ozone and aerosols had less impact.

    Conclusions:

    • Radiative cooling performance is highly dependent on atmospheric water vapor content.
    • Infrared-selective surfaces offer enhanced cooling compared to blackbodies.
    • Results have implications for designing efficient passive cooling systems.