Skull base training and education using an artificial skull model created by selective laser sintering

Area of Science:

• Anatomical modeling
• Surgical simulation
• 3D printing technology

Background:

• Cadaveric dissection is crucial for learning skull base anatomy and surgical skills.
• Ethical, legal, and infection risks limit cadaver availability and use.
• Alternative methods are needed to supplement or replace cadaveric training.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a realistic whole skull model for practicing skull base approaches.
• To utilize selective laser sintering (SLS) for high-fidelity anatomical reproduction.
• To provide a safe and accessible training tool for surgeons.

Main Methods:

• The first author's head was scanned using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT).
• CT data were converted to a standard triangulation language (STL) file.
• Polyamide nylon and glass beads were laser-sintered to create the skull model.
• The model was dissected using standard surgical instruments and a microscope.

Main Results:

• The 3D-printed model accurately depicted cranial surface features, including sutures and foramina.
• The artificial mastoid withstood high-speed drilling during simulated mastoidectomy.
• Internal anatomical structures, such as mastoid air cells and paranasal sinuses, were precisely reproduced.

Conclusions:

• The SLS-generated skull model is a valuable tool for teaching skull base surgery.
• It effectively bypasses the ethical, legal, and infection concerns associated with cadavers.
• This innovative model enhances surgical education and patient safety.