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Related Concept Videos

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA (thiogalactoside...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

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Published on: March 16, 2011

Positive selection drives lactoferrin evolution in mammals.

Guo Ming Liang1, Xun Ping Jiang

  • 1Animal Science Department, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.

Genetica
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lactoferrin (LF) evolution shows positive selection, driven by interactions with bacteria. Key sites in LF-bacteria binding regions and antimicrobial peptides like lactoferricin (LFcin) were identified.

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04:41

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Published on: August 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Lactoferrin (LF) is a transferrin family protein secreted by epithelial cells.
  • LF regulates iron homeostasis and exhibits antibacterial activity.
  • Antimicrobial peptides lactoferricin (LFcin) and lactoferrampin (LFampin) are derived from LF's N-terminus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular evolution of the lactoferrin (LF) gene.
  • To identify evolutionary pressures shaping LF's function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratios (omega) per site.
  • Utilized maximum likelihood methods to assess evolutionary rates.
  • Identified positive selection sites in the LF gene.

Main Results:

  • Results indicated omega > 1, suggesting positive selection in LF evolution.
  • Five amino acid sites under positive selection were identified.
  • These sites are located in LF-bacteria binding regions and antimicrobial peptide domains (LFcin, LFampin).

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of the LF gene is characterized by positive selection.
  • Selection pressure is linked to LF's interaction with bacteria.
  • Identified sites may elucidate mechanisms of bacteria-LF interaction.