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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
07:07

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Published on: May 20, 2019

Mutation-driven drug development in melanoma.

Keith T Flaherty1, F Stephen Hodi, Boris C Bastian

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ktflaherty@partners.org

Current Opinion in Oncology
|April 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting BRAF and CKIT mutations in melanoma shows therapeutic promise. Early clinical trial results suggest these targeted therapies could transform melanoma treatment options, with ongoing studies for additional targets.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
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Published on: May 20, 2019

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08:49

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Published on: May 18, 2018

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis
07:41

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis

Published on: March 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Melanoma pathophysiology involves signal transduction pathways.
  • Mutations in these pathways offer new therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify oncogenes with preclinical data for clinical trials.
  • Summarize clinical investigation results for targeted melanoma therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data supporting clinical trials.
  • Analysis of results from clinical investigations of targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • BRAF mutations occur in 50% of melanomas, with clinical trials showing therapeutic promise for BRAF inhibitors.
  • CKIT mutations are less common but show response to inhibitors in early studies.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating BRAF and CKIT-directed therapies.

Conclusions:

  • BRAF and CKIT-directed therapies show potential to transform melanoma treatment.
  • Larger trials are needed to confirm efficacy.
  • Additional novel drug targets and clinical trials are in development.