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Related Experiment Videos

Lead in bone: sampling and quantitation using K X-rays excited by 109Cd.

D R Chettle1, M C Scott, L J Somervaille

  • 1School of Physics and Space Research, University of Birmingham, England.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a non-invasive method for measuring bone lead concentration using gamma-rays. The technique offers accurate and precise lead quantification in bone mineral, crucial for assessing lead exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical engineering
  • Radiological physics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Lead accumulation in bone poses significant health risks.
  • Accurate in vivo measurement of bone lead is essential for monitoring exposure and treatment efficacy.
  • Existing methods may lack precision or require invasive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a non-invasive technique for quantifying lead in bone mineral.
  • To assess the accuracy and precision of the proposed method.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of in vivo bone lead measurement using portable equipment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cadmium-109 (109Cd) gamma-ray source to excite lead K X-rays in bone.
  • Normalized lead X-ray amplitudes to elastically backscattered gamma-rays for accurate quantification.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured in vivo tibia lead concentration and assessed precision at various superficial bone sites.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved high accuracy and insensitivity to measurement or bone geometry variations.
    • Demonstrated a typical precision of +/- 5 micrograms lead per gram of bone mineral for tibia measurements.
    • Reported a low effective dose equivalent of 2.1 microSv for in vivo measurements.
    • Confirmed the transportability of the apparatus for mobile laboratory use.

    Conclusions:

    • The gamma-ray excitation technique provides an accurate and precise method for in vivo bone lead measurement.
    • The method is suitable for assessing lead exposure in superficial bone sites with minimal radiation dose.
    • The portable nature of the apparatus facilitates widespread application and mobile monitoring.