Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pitavastatin effect on enterocyte injury markers in an ART treated HIV population: Insights from REPRIEVE.

AIDS (London, England)·2026
Same author

Primary Prevention for People Living With HIV: A Call to Action.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Incidence, risk factors, and cardiovascular impact of hypertension in people with HIV: a secondary analysis of the REPRIEVE trial.

The lancet. HIV·2026
Same author

Proteomic Profile After Intervention With Eplerenone Among Persons With HIV.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Pitavastatin effects on lipids in relation to major adverse cardiovascular events: a REPRIEVE secondary analysis.

The lancet. HIV·2026
Same author

Risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and major adverse cardiovascular events after a switch to an integrase inhibitor: a target trial emulation in REPRIEVE.

The lancet. HIV·2026
Same journal

EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Exploring the role of parathyroid hormone in sarcopenia: A review.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: an update on diagnostic and management challenges.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Prediabetes before pregnancy: implications for risk stratification and research.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease: update on pathophysiology and new treatment targets.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
Same journal

Revisiting the relationship between weight loss and bone health in people living with obesity: insights from the latest evidence.

Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Adrenal function in HIV infection.

Janet Lo1, Steven K Grinspoon

  • 1Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|April 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal dysfunction is more common in HIV patients. Early workup is crucial for those with symptoms or on medications affecting adrenal function, especially with advanced AIDS.

More Related Videos

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication
10:12

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication

Published on: June 14, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication
10:12

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication

Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adrenal dysfunction poses significant risks, increasing morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Understanding adrenal disorders and medication effects is critical for managing HIV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review adrenal disorders and medications impacting cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenal androgens in HIV patients.
  • To highlight the increased prevalence of adrenal abnormalities in the HIV population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on adrenal function in HIV patients.
  • Analysis of drug interactions affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Main Results:

  • Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression are increasingly observed due to drug interactions (e.g., ritonavir with corticosteroids).
  • Elevated daily aldosterone levels are noted in HIV patients with visceral adipose tissue accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • HIV patients exhibit a higher incidence of adrenal dysfunction compared to the general population.
  • Clinicians should investigate adrenal dysfunction in symptomatic HIV patients, particularly those with advanced AIDS or on relevant medications.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the clinical significance of elevated aldosterone in HIV patients with visceral adiposity.