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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Translational bioinformatics.

Fernando Martin-Sanchez1, Isabel Hermosilla-Gimeno

  • 1Medical Bioinformatics Department, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo, Km. 2. 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid - Spain.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioinformatics has evolved from solving basic biology problems to advancing translational medicine. This field integrates genomics, systems biology, and medical informatics, offering crucial resources and tools for research and clinical practice.

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Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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Published on: February 18, 2022

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Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
  • Genomics and Systems Biology
  • Translational and Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Bioinformatics has evolved significantly from its origins in solving biological problems to its current role in translational medicine.
  • The discipline now encompasses a wide range of applications, from studying individual genes and proteins to supporting large-scale sequencing projects and advancing systems biology.
  • Its increasing importance in medicine highlights its connections with biomedical research, clinical practice, public health, and medical informatics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an educational overview of the origins, evolution, and scope of bioinformatics.
  • To detail the various aspects of bioinformatics, including its applications from single entities to systems biology.
  • To highlight the relevance and future directions of bioinformatics in medicine, particularly in genomics and translational research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the historical development and current landscape of bioinformatics.
  • Categorization of bioinformatics resources into information resources (databases) and processing tools (programs).
  • Exploration of the interconnections between bioinformatics, medical informatics, and translational medicine.

Main Results:

  • Bioinformatics has expanded from a biology-focused discipline to a key player in translational medical research.
  • The field covers diverse applications, including genomics, proteomics, large-scale sequencing, and systems biology.
  • Essential bioinformatics databases and tools are widely utilized by researchers.

Conclusions:

  • Bioinformatics is integral to modern biomedical research, clinical practice, and public health.
  • The field's integration with medical informatics and its role in genomics medicine are critical for future medical advancements.
  • Continued research and development in bioinformatics are essential to address emerging trends in medicine.